Health officials are currently investigating a rise in cyclospora infections, also known as cyclosporiasis, a foodborne illness causing severe diarrhea. Multiple states have reported outbreaks, with Michigan noting an unusually high number of cases.
Understanding Cyclosporiasis
This illness stems from the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it primarily causes watery diarrhea that can be frequent and severe. Previous outbreaks in the U.S. have often linked to produce contamination, particularly in summer months.
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States Reporting Cases
Data from CDC surveillance and state health departments have pinpointed confirmed cases in these states:
- Alaska
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Florida
- Georgia
- Illinois
- Louisiana
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Jersey
- New York
- North Carolina
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Virginia
- Wisconsin
Among these, Michigan has reported the most cases, amassing over 700 confirmations. Ohio also noted a significant surge, while other states investigate smaller clusters.
Michigan’s Large Outbreak
In Michigan, officials highlight the outbreak as highly unusual. Currently, experts are reviewing food purchasing history and grocery habits to ascertain potential sources. As of early July, Ohio had 177 cases, Texas 48, New York 120, North Carolina 141, and Illinois 110, all experiencing increased numbers or investigating suspected clusters.
CDC’s Observations
The CDC notes that cyclosporiasis cases typically increase between May 1 and August 31. Their recent surveillance update cited 145 domestically acquired cases across 17 states from May 1 to June 16, which included 20 hospitalizations. Delayed reporting means more cases have likely arisen since these figures.
Investigation is ongoing to determine if these cases indicate a singular outbreak or several independent events.
Factors Affecting Case Reporting
Public health experts indicate many with cyclospora avoid laboratory testing or medical assistance, likely leading to underreported numbers. Additionally, delays from exposure to symptom onset, then testing and reporting, often extend the actual timeline of these outbreaks.
Previously Identified Foods
No specific food has been attributed to the current outbreaks. Historically, U.S. outbreaks involve:
- Basil
- Cilantro
- Mesclun lettuce
- Bagged salad mixes
- Raspberries
- Snow peas
- Green onions
Fresh produce infection often results from contaminated irrigation or environmental factors, as direct person-to-person transmission doesn’t occur.
Recognizing Symptoms
Symptoms commonly present about a week after consuming contaminated substances, but can appear between two days and two weeks. Main symptoms include:
- Watery diarrhea
- Frequent, severe diarrhea
- Stomach cramps
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
Without appropriate treatment, these symptoms may persist for weeks, possibly subsiding before recurring.
Ongoing Investigations
The Food and Drug Administration, CDC, and state health departments are collaboratively investigating contamination sources. Though a specific grower or supplier remains unidentified, ongoing efforts are expected to reveal more information in the weeks ahead.
As investigations continue, additional cases may emerge, reflecting the seasonal nature and reporting delays associated with cyclospora infections.
Contact Newsweek editors for further details on this story: John Fitzpatrick and Dave Siminoff.
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