An aortic dissection is a critical medical emergency that can result in sudden death. The aorta, the body’s largest artery, carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body. A dissection occurs when the inner lining of the aorta tears, allowing blood to leak between the layers of the arterial wall. This condition reduces blood flow to vital organs and can sometimes lead to a fatal rupture.
The cause of such tears can often be traced back to an aortic aneurysm, which is a weakened and ballooning spot on the artery. High blood pressure, high cholesterol levels that stiffen arteries (known as atherosclerosis), and smoking are significant risk factors. Though more common in older adults, genetic conditions may cause aortic dissections in younger individuals as well.
A preliminary report regarding Sen. Lindsey Graham’s sudden passing indicated his aortic dissection was linked to artery hardening. Symptoms emerge quickly and can include sharp, stabbing pain in the chest, back, neck, jaw, or abdomen, depending on the tear’s location. Other signs might include sudden unconsciousness, clammy skin, stroke-like symptoms, weakness on one side of the body, and signs of shock such as a rapid heartbeat or confusion.
Immediate medical intervention improves survival chances. Surgical options depend on the tear’s location and severity. Surgeons may attempt to repair the damaged section of the aorta or patch it to prevent further complications.
The Associated Press Health and Science Department acknowledges support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP maintains full editorial control over its content.
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