Millions of Californians using the CalFresh program for food aid could soon encounter new rules tied to federal changes in SNAP benefits. These changes, taking effect in June, come after the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) introduced tougher eligibility standards and expanded work rules nationally.
The OBBBA increased work requirements for individuals up to 64 years old and altered rules for able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs). Previously, veterans, people experiencing homelessness, and former foster youth enjoyed certain exemptions, but the new legislation removes these. It also imposes more restrictions on certain immigrants with lawful presence.
Following this legislation, SNAP participation diminished by 4.2 million people within a year at the federal level. California expects a similar outcome. The changes became mandatory under laws passed in July 2025, varying in rollout speed across states. USDA data shows SNAP users dropped from 42.8 million in January 2025 to under 38.6 million in January 2026 due to stricter regulations.
Upcoming Adjustments in California
From June 1, California plans to implement federal work and community engagement rules for CalFresh users. The new guidelines apply to specific groups:
- Adults aged between 18 and 64
- Individuals without disabilities
- Recipients without children below age 14
These recipients must work, volunteer, attend school, or engage in job training to retain benefits. The policy broadens who must meet work standards, affecting those previously exempt:
- Adults aged 55 to 64
- Parents of children 14 or older
- Veterans
- People experiencing homelessness
- Former foster youth
Exemptions might still apply. Individuals who are pregnant, facing health challenges, caring for young children, receiving disability benefits, or in certain refugee programs may qualify for exemptions. California’s Department of Social Services mentions exceptions for those with addiction, domestic violence issues, or chronic homelessness linked to health problems.
Understanding ABAWD Rules
Under federal law, ABAWDs can access benefits for only three full months within three years unless they meet work or qualifying exemptions. To stay eligible beyond this period, they must:
- Work 20 hours weekly
- Earn at least $217.50 weekly before taxes
- Volunteer or join approved educational or job training
Participants in education must either attend part-time or do 20 hours of class weekly. Failing to meet these could result in losing benefits after three months within the three-year span.
Areas Exempt from ABAWD Rules
Certain California counties won’t enforce the ABAWD rules until October 31. These include:
- Alpine
- Colusa
- Imperial
- Merced
- Monterey
- Plumas
- Tulare
Residents in these areas can continue receiving benefits beyond the standard ABAWD limit without work requirements.
Nationwide Decline in SNAP Enrollment
SNAP participation nationwide saw a gradual decline in early 2025 but decreased rapidly post-OBBBA enactment. From August 2025 to January 2026, about 3.4 million stopped receiving benefits. The steepest drop occurred between October and November 2025, with a decrease exceeding 1 million after states started adhering to the new regulations.
Governor Newsom’s Criticism
While Governor Gavin Newsom has not specifically addressed CalFresh changes, he opposed the federal legislation. Last year, he criticized the measure as not cost-effective, labeling it cruel and infringing on states’ rights. He called it a move towards greater bureaucracy, warning it was dangerous and urging opposition to it.
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