The Push for Clarity in U.S. Recycling Labels

As you spot the “chasing arrows” symbol on a takeout container, it might suggest the item is recyclable. However, this assumes much about the recycling process. Originally designed by a student for Earth Day in 1970, this icon became a tool for categorizing plastic types in the late 1980s, irrespective of their recyclability.

In the U.S., less than 9% of plastics get recycled, despite being a major generator of plastic waste. Many plastics reach landfills, get exported, or mismanaged; a significant amount ends up in oceans. Scientists note that every minute, a truckload of plastics enters oceans worldwide. Beaches often have unrecyclable plastic waste, and small quantities can be lethal for marine life, like Atlantic puffins.

This misunderstanding around recycling symbols highlights a regulatory issue. A new bill called the Truth in Labeling Act aims to clarify recycling labels for consumers, addressing greenwashing and improving recycling practices. Put forward by Sen. Jeff Merkley and Rep. Lou Correa, the bill sets federal rules for labeling products as “recyclable,” “compostable,” or “reusable.” Companies must prove a product’s recyclability and that there’s a market for the recycled materials.

The Act prevents non-recyclable products from using the chasing arrows symbol, thus reducing consumer confusion. Two other bills exist on this topic: the PACK Act and the Recycled Materials Attribution Act. However, both have weak standards and encourage greenwashing. The latter lets plastics converted into fuels via certain chemical recycling methods be labeled as recycled, promoting harmful practices.

While intended to reduce confusion, the PACK Act allows third-party certifiers, including those affiliated with the confusing industry, to determine recyclability. Both alternative acts might limit states from demanding better clarity for their communities. Reducing ocean plastic pollution needs a cut in plastic production and a user-friendly recycling system. The Truth in Labeling Act seeks to remedy current recycling issues effectively.

Anja Brandon, Ph.D., director of plastics policy at Ocean Conservancy, emphasizes the importance of this legislative initiative.