Leprosy cases have been rising in Florida. Health officials connect many of these cases to exposure to a particular animal. By July 23, Florida’s Department of Health noted 17 cases statewide, with 81 percent situated in Central Florida. This information comes from NewsNation affiliate WFLA. The areas with the most cases include Volusia, Brevard, Lake, Orange, and Seminole counties. Last year recorded 36 cases, marking a high point since 1992. Out of these, 26 cases were contracted within Florida, one from out of state, and two from outside the country. The origin of the other seven cases remains unknown.
Understanding Leprosy
Leprosy, also called Hansen disease, is a chronic infectious illness. It is caused by mycobacterium leprae, a bacterium that grows very slowly. Some cases take up to 20 years for symptoms to appear. Symptoms include skin lesions, lumps, and ulcers, and the loss of eyebrows and eyelashes. It can also impact peripheral nerves, which connect the brain and spinal cord to the skin, muscles, and internal organs. This leads to a loss of touch and pain senses, increasing the chance of cuts and burns.
Previously, leprosy was thought to be highly contagious. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state it is not easily transmitted between humans. Close and prolonged contact with an infected person and direct contact with their saliva or mucus is necessary for potential transmission. Despite this, approximately 95% of people have natural immunity.
Leprosy is rare in the U.S. Annually, about 225 people are diagnosed. Globally, around 250,000 cases occur, with most Americans contracting the disease while abroad.
Armadillos: A Potential Source
Health authorities suggest that nine-banded armadillos might be related to the case increase. These animals naturally carry mycobacterium leprae. They are widespread in Mexico, the southern U.S., and central and northern Florida. Considered pests, they damage landscapes and lawns through foraging and burrowing. Contact with armadillos or contaminated soil around their burrows may expose individuals to the bacteria.
Treating and Preventing Leprosy
Leprosy is treatable if identified early. Treatment involves a multi-drug therapy combining antibiotics. After starting treatment, a patient is no longer infectious. Depending on the leprosy type, the CDC notes treatment could last one to two years.
To reduce exposure risk, the CDC advises the following:
- Avoid touching or holding armadillos
- Refrain from hunting or consuming armadillos
- Use repellents or traps in gardens to minimize exposure risk
- Wear gloves and long sleeves when working in soil where armadillos dig
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after outdoor work
- If soap and water are unavailable, apply an alcohol-based hand sanitizer
Leave a Reply