An internal email from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) surfaced, bringing to light concerns over the agency’s attempts to identify non-U.S. citizens on state voter rolls. This email, which NPR acquired recently, was originally sent last year. It revealed a 78-page document that lists counties and states offering election materials in non-English languages. Alongside the list was a Department of Justice checklist detailing legal requirements for prosecuting voter-related offenses.
The email was disclosed following a lawsuit by the Democratic National Committee (DNC) regarding a public records request. This move stemmed from fears that the efforts to remove noncitizen voters might inadvertently intimidate eligible voters and reduce participation in upcoming midterm elections. Despite thorough audits showing voter fraud by noncitizens as rare, DHS has dedicated significant resources to combat this perceived issue.
The document, heavily redacted, does not indicate any enforcement actions at the mentioned locations. DHS defended its redactions in court, describing the email as initial thoughts shared among subordinates and leaders. They stated that individuals voting illegally should not escape prosecution due to a lack of English language proficiency.
Federal authorities have recently charged individuals with alleged unlawful voting. Concerns about potential federal interference at polling places have prompted civil rights groups to file lawsuits aiming to prevent DHS from deploying officers to voting sites. NPR reported on the latest lawsuit, which reflects fears over the administration’s intentions.
Last year, the DNC requested documents under the Freedom of Information Act from various federal entities. They sought to uncover any plans regarding the deployment of federal agents to monitor polling locations, ballot drop boxes, and election offices for the forthcoming elections. Dan Freeman, DNC’s litigation director, expressed worries about DHS’s possible targeting of jurisdictions with non-English election materials.
DHS clarified that it has no plans for operations aimed at polling locations. However, discussions by Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin and President Trump have heightened concerns about ICE agents potentially serving warrants at these sites. This rhetoric is affecting voter perception. A survey from the University of California San Diego found that approximately 40% of voters believe ICE agents might be at voting sites, including significant proportions of Democrats, Republicans, and independents.
The survey also indicated that voters of color are more likely than white voters to fear possible questioning by immigration authorities when voting, despite citizenship, which could discourage turnout. Paul López, Denver’s top voting official, voiced concerns that such talks could deter voting by creating fear.
Denver is noted in the DHS document as providing multilingual materials, crucial for a city with a substantial Hispanic or Latino population. Despite the revelation, López reassured voters that federal law protects them against language-based targeting. He urged voters not to be intimidated, stating, “Democracy will happen.”

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